Dawud A (David) was a Rasul (Messenger) sent by Allah (God) for guiding the Children of Israel to the right path. Allah (God) had given him a Divine Book Zabur (Psalms). Like most Rusul (Messengers) of Allah (God), Dawud A (David) also faced stiff challenge from his people. They did not believe him and indulged in plotting against him. Those among the Children of Israe who disbelieved were cursed by the tongue of Dawud (David) and ‘Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). That was because they disobeyed (Allah and the Messengers) and were ever transgressing beyond bounds.Surah (Chapter) Al-Ma“idah (The Table Spread with Food) The Qur-an 4:163
Dawud A (David) was a descendant of Ibrahim A (Abraham), Ishaq A (Isaac) and Ya’qub A (Jacob).
And We bestowed upon him Ishaque (Isaac) and Ya’qub (Jacob), each of them We guided, and before him, We guided Nuh (Noah), and among his progeny Dawud (David), Sulaiman (Solomon), Ayub (Job), Yusuf (Joseph), Musa (Moses), and Harun (Aaron). Thus do We reward the gooddoers.Surah (Chapter) Al-An’am (The Cattle) The Qur-an 6:84
Like Sulayman A (Solomom), another Rasul (Messenger) of Allah (God); Dawud A (David) was known for his just decision making.
And (remember) Dawud (David) and Sulaiman (Solomon), when they gave judgement in the case of the field in which the sheep of certain people had pastured at night and We were witness to their judgement.
Surah (Chapter) Al-Anbiyaa (The prophets) Qur-an 21:78
And We made Sulaiman (Solomon) to understand (the case), and to each of them We gave Hukman (right judgement of the affairs and Prophethood) and knowledge. And We subjected the mountains and the birds to glorify Our Praises along with Dawud (David), And it was We Who were the doers (of all these things). Surah (Chapter) Al-Anbiyaa (The prophets) Qur-an 21:79
Dawud A (David) was among the favored men of Allah (God) and was given knowledge by Him.
Dawud A (David) went with the Israelite army led by Talut A (Saul), which was sent out to end the aggression of Jalut (Goliath).
And their Prophet (Samuel) said to them, “Indeed Allah has appointed Talut (Saul) as a king over you.” They said, “How can he be a king over us when we are better fitted than him for the kingdom, and he has not been given enough wealth.” He said: “Verily, Allah has chosen him above you and has increased him abundantly in knowledge and stature. And Allah grants His Kingdom to whom He wills. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures’ needs, All-Knower.Surah (Chapter) Al-Baqarah (The Cow) Qur-an 2:248“Then when Talut (Saul) set out with the army, he said: “Verily! Allah will try you by a river. So whoever drinks thereof, he is not of me, and whoever tastes it not, he is of me, except him who takes (thereof) in the hollow of his hand.” Yet, they drank thereof, all, except a few of them. So when he had crossed it (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: “We have no power this day against Jalut (Goliath) and his hosts.” But those who knew with certainty that they were to meet their Lord, said: “How often a small group overcame a mighty host by Allah’s Leave?” And Allah is with As-Sabirin (the patient ones,“ Surah (Chapter) Al-Baqarah (The Cow) Qur-an 2:249 Dawud A (David) was not enlisted in the regular army and was there to take care of his friends. His fellow tribesmen were afraid to take on the mighty Jalut (Goliath) and hesitated in fighting him. They prayed Allah (God) for help in fighting Jalut (Goliath). And when they advanced to meet Jalut (Goliath) and his forces, they invoked: “Our Lord! Pour forth on us patience and make us victorious over the disbelieving people.Surah (Chapter) Al-Baqarah(The Cow) Qur-an 2:250
With the help of Allah (God), the army of Talut A (Saul) routed the army of their opponents and during the battle Dawud A (David) killed Jalut (Goliath). After slaying Jalut (Goliath), Dawud A (David) became very popular among his community. He became their king after the death of Talut A (Saul). Allah (God) also made him his Rasul (Messenger).
So they routed them by Allah’s Leave and Dawud (David) killed Jalut (Goliath), and Allah gave him [Dawud (David)] the kingdom [after the death of Talut (Saul) and Samuel] and AlHikmah (Prophethood)[], and taught him of that which He willed. And if Allah did not check one set of people by means of another, the earth would indeed be full of mischief. But Allah is full of Bounty to the ‘Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists).Surah (Chapter) Al-Baqarah(The Cow) Qur-an 2:251
Allah (God) revealed the Zabur (Psalms) to him.
Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad SAW)[] as We inspired Nuh (Noah) and the Prophets after him; We (also) inspired Ibrahim (Abraham), Isma’il (Ishmael), Ishaque (Isaac), Ya’qub (Jacob), and AlAsbat [the twelve sons of Ya’qub (Jacob)], ‘Iesa (Jesus), Ayub (Job), Yunus (Jonah), Harun (Aaron), and Sulaiman (Solomon), and to Dawud (David) We gave the Zabur (Psalms).“ Surah (Chapter) An-Nisaa (The women) Qur-an 4:163
Allah (God) had granted each of his Rusul (Messengers) with some special powers. The Qur-an speaks of the special bounties bestowed upon Messenger Dawud A (David). Allah (God) had made the mountains and birds subservient to him.
And indeed We bestowed grace on David from Us (saying): “O you mountains. Glorify (Allah) with him! And you birds (also)! And We made the iron soft for him. Surah (Chapter) Saba (The city of Saba) Qur-an 34:10
The birds and even the mountains joined Dawud A (David) in his hymns to Allah (God) at mornings and evenings.
Verily, We made the mountains to glorify Our Praises with him [Dawud (David)] in the ‘Ashi (i.e. after the mid-day till sunset) and Ishraq (i.e. after the sunrise till mid-day). Surah (Chapter) Sad (Being one of the Abbreviated Letters) Qur-an 38:18
Allah (God) had enabled Dawud A (David) to comprehend the speech of birds. The same knowledge was inherited by Sulayman A (Solomon).
And Sulaiman (Solomon) inherited (the knowledge of) Dawud (David). He said: “O mankind! We have been taught the language of birds, and on us have been bestowed all things. This, verily, is an evident grace (from Allah).”Surah (Chapter) An-Naml (The Ants) Qur-an 27:16
Moreover, Allah (God) had given him mastery over iron in that he molded it like wax (34:10).
And indeed We bestowed grace on David from Us (saying): “O you mountains. Glorify (Allah) with him! And you birds (also)! And We made the iron soft for him.” Surah (Chapter) Saba (The city of Saba) Qur-an 34:10
Furthermore, Allah (God) gave Dawud A (David) the knowledge to make coats of arms and that became his means of livelihood (21:80 and 34:10).
And We taught him the making of metal coats of mail (for battles), to protect you in your fighting. Are you then grateful?Surah (Chapter) Al-Anbiyaa (The prophets) Qur-an 21:80Dawud A (David) was blessed by Allah (God) with a vast and strong empire. It is on record that his kingdom spread from Syria to Iraq, Palestine and parts of the Arabian Peninsula (3) (al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya 6:12). We made his kingdom strong and gave him Al-Hikmah (Prophethood, etc.) and sound judgement in speech and decision.Surah (Chapter) Sad (Being one of the Abbreviated Letters) Qur-an 38:20
He had been especially instructed to settle disputes with justice. The Qur-an mentions also a trial to which he was subjected (38:21-26). Here are its salient details: Once two persons approached him with their case. One of them had ninety-nine sheep whereas the other had only a single sheep. The former intended to usurp it. As soon as he heard the case, he adjudged that the former was guilty of injustice. However, Allah (God) directed him to truth and justice and he prostrated before Him.
O Dawud (David)! Verily! We have placed you as a successor on earth, so judge you between men in truth (and justice) and follow not your desire for it will mislead you from the Path of Allah. Verily! Those who wander astray from the Path of Allah (shall) have a severe torment, because they forgot the Day of Reckoning. Surah (Chapter) Sad (Being one of the Abbreviated Letters) Qur-an 38:26
Allah (God) had infused into him a remarkable capacity for worshipping Allah (God). One learns from reports that he took rest upto midnight. He would spend one-third of the night in praying and worshipping. Moreover, he fasted every alternate day (4) (Th’alabi, 212). Allah (God) had gifted him with a melodious voice and it has been acclaimed widely.
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